Tag: metadata

Synonyms are go!

APO is improving the way that search works on our website by updating our metadata with synonyms. The goal of synonym management is to help people who are looking for the same resources, but are using different search terms, reach the same results.

What’s another name for synonym?

Think of synonyms as bringing democracy, or equal opportunity, to the search experience. In the context of Search Engine Optimisation (SEO), the meaning of synonym is very  broad. A key role of synonym management is establishing references between terms that share the same meaning, or in the context of a digital collection, are close in meaning. Some synonyms include:

  • ethical investment /
  • responsible investment /
  • socially responsible investing /
  • social investment.

These terms have been used interchangeably throughout policy literature. We want anyone searching with any of these terms to reach the same results without worrying about which is the ‘correct’ phrase.

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Image: Cinnamon Sugar Donuts by Steven Depolo (Flickr)

What about  initialisms and acronyms? They provide alternative search paths too – and we are establishing see references (i.e. alternative terms that have the same or similar meaning) between them, for example:

  • Islamic State /
  • ISIS /
  • ISIL /
  • Daesh /
  • Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

And

  • LGBT /
  • LGBTQ /
  • non-heterosexual people /
  • GLBTQ people /
  • LGBTQ /
  • LGTBI /
  • LGBTIQ.

Some of these terms are taken from the FAST vocabulary which APO aligns with wherever possible in a bid to link into other collection metadata. Other terms were found in our search analytics report. And one typo was spotted by an APO editor – we added that too. Together they provide multiple access points to the same resources.

Note that we are not asserting that these concepts are identical – only that within the context of a policy collection, it makes sense for resources containing these various search terms to be found together. Some of these may be regarded as quasi-synonyms, or near-synonyms. (Are there many true equivalences in language? I doubt it.)

What about other lexical variants, such as common misspellings, local spellings, irregular and embedded plurals? There is only so much approximating and stemming (reducing words to their word stem, or root form) that a search engine can do. So we monitor our web traffic for additional terms that can be mapped to our resources, such as:

  • Aged care / Age care
  • Closing the gap / Close the gap
  • World Trade Organisation / World Trade Organization
  • Prescribed bodies corporate / Prescribed body corporates
  • Hygiene / Hygeine

Baking all day

You can’t have too many synonyms in a metadata repository. APO is continuously developing and managing lists of words that appear frequently in policy literature and in search behavior, creating see references that make the search experience consistent for all.

Synonym management is part of APO moderation workflow. Synonym identification is also an outcome of the Linked Semantic Platforms (LSP) project, which aims to enrich the user experience in APO’s resource database. So watch this space!

Oh, and BTW, synonym and cinnamon? That’s a homophone – potentially a mondegreen.

APO: The place to find places

APO’s website offers a number of ways to search and browse content. We have recently improved the way that you can find policy information that is relevant to a specific region or place.

APO publishes a geographical taxonomy of place names that can be used to browse and ‘drill down’ to content that is clustered around a region, country, province or city. 

Image: Middle East by NASA on Wikimedia Commons

To make the most of APO’s geographical taxonomy feature, try browsing for resources about a place of interest:

  • Navigate to Browse from the home page
  • Scroll to the Geographic Location block of links
  • Select a term (e.g. ‘Middle East’).

You will notice on the right-hand side of your results that more specific place names appear and can be selected to further refine results.

geo1

Select a more specific geographical feature, and the overall number of items reduces with content closely fitted with the geographical area:

geo2

When a resource is selected, there may be more geographical features listed in the resource metadata which link to more content:

geo3

APO’s geographical taxonomy is a search feature that helps you find a range of policy information about a given place of interest. As more resources are added to APO, the geographical taxonomy is updated to reflect the growing database of policy information. We hope you find this feature useful. 

APO identifier for library catalogues

APO is working towards standardising its metadata putting an APO ‘stamp’ – a unique identifier on each record that credits APO with doing the cataloguing.

APO is working towards standardising its metadata. No, this doesn’t mean we are tapping phones or retaining anyone’s browsing history (search for ‘data retention’ in APO for this policy topic if it is of interest. And then clear your history). By metadata we mean the way that we catalogue the reports, articles and so on in our database. And part of standardisation includes putting an APO ‘stamp’– a unique identifier on each record that credits APO with doing the cataloguing. This is important when APO records are shared beyond the website, for example with other databases or library systems.

To ensure APO is uniquely identified in other database contexts, we have been allocated a unique code by the Library of Congress, Network Development & MARC Standards Office. You can now find APO in the MARC Code List for Organizations. APO needs to be in this list so that when our metadata is shared in library systems, the catalogue indicates that the record was created by us.

And what is the code? AU-HaAPO (normalized: auhaapo). But only a metadata nerd would ask this. 🤓